ESCHATOLOGY

ESCHATOLOGY - The teaching concerning the last things in world history. The Greek word eschatos means "last" or "final." Accordingly, eschatology is the study of the things expected to occur at the end of history. There are two basic ways of approaching eschatology. The first, which has been most common over the centuries, focuses on those final events or situations which have not yet occurred. These are, chiefly, Jesus’ return, the millennium, the last judgment, the final resurrection, and heaven and hell. Over the last century, however, scholars have generally agreed that the New Testament was written in an atmosphere pervaded by eschatology. Early Christianity was rooted in the paradoxical conviction that the last things had "already" occurred, even though they were "not yet" fully completed. (Jesus’ resurrection, for instance, was understood as the beginning of the final resurrection of the dead (1 Cor. 15:20).

This conviction lay at the heart of the early church’s joy and hope. It shaped its understanding of Jesus, salvation, mission, and all else. Accordingly, when scholars speak of eschatology today, they are often referring not simply to events which have "not yet" occurred, but chiefly to the way in which the last things are "already" present, and to the attitudes and expectations which this arouses. Since eschatology, throughout much of church history and in much common speech today, often means the study of events still future, this article will first explore the traditional discussion of these things. Second, however, it will consider eschatology as the breaking of the future into the present and the meaning of this for Christian life.


DEFINITION OF TERMS USED

While studying the rapture and the second coming of Christ to the earth we must understand that there is a vast difference between the two subjects. We must also have a clear concept of the terms Millennium, the O. T. saints, the N. T. church, the future tribulation, Jews, Israel, the abomination of desolation, the judgment of the nations, the day of the Lord, the day of Christ, the end of the world, and other subjects pertaining to the latter days. The following is a brief definition of these terms as we shall use them in this study:

1. RAPTURE

The word "rapture" simply means to transport from one place to another. The Scripture terms for "rapture" are "caught up" (I Th 4:17, 2 Cor 12:4); "receive you unto myself" (Jn 14:3); I'd and "Come up hither" (Rev 4: 1; 11: 12). When we use it we mean the "catching up" of Christians to meet the Lord in the air, who then ! go to the planet heaven with Christ to become settled in their eternal mansions that He has gone to prepare for them who serve Him until death, or until the time of the rapture (1 Th 2:19; 3:13; 4:13_18; Phil 3:20_21; Col.3:4; James 5:7_8; Rev 4:1).

When we use the word "rapture" we do not mean the second coming of Christ, or any part, stage, or phase of it, for the rapture is a distinct and separate coming of the Lord with at least 7 years between the two comings out of heaven.

2. SECOND COMING, OR SECOND ADVENT

The first coming of Jesus is the first time He came to earth to live here and fulfill a mission. This happened about 2,000 years ago when He died for the sins of men. The second coming of Christ will occur when He literally comes again to live on earth to fulfill another mission to reign as King of the whole earth and to put down all rebellion (I Cor 15:24_28; Mt 25:31_46; 2 Th 1:7_10; Jude 14_15; Rev 5:10; 11:15; 20:1_10; Zech 14: Ezek 38_39). The second coming is at least 7 years after the rapture, when Christ literally lands on earth to live among men as He did at His first advent (Zech 14:4_5; Dan 2:44_45; 7:9_14; 18, 22, 27; Lk 1:32_33; Mt 25:31_46; 1 Cor 15:24_28; Eph 1:10;2:7;3:11; Jude 14_15; Rev 5:10; 20: 1_10).

Christ does not come to the earth at the rapture. He comes only as far as the clouds, and the dead and living in Christ rise to meet Him in the air to go back to heaven with Him to be with Him forever (Jn 14: 1_3; Lk 21 :34_36; 1 Cor 15:23, 51_56; Eph 5:27; Phil 3:21; 1 Th 4:13_18; 5:9_11; 2 Th 2:7_8; Col 3:4; Jas 5:7_8). He does come to the earth at the second advent (Zech 14: 1 _21; Mt 24: 29_31; 25:31-46: Rev 1:7: 19:

Between the rapture and the second coming of Christ to the earth, the whole of Daniel's 70th week and the 7 years that end this age in tribulation, will be fulfilled. All of Mt 24_25; Mk 13; Lk 21:1_11, 25_36; Rev 4:1_19:21; Dan 9:27; 11:40_45; 12:1_7; Ezek 38_39; Zech 14 and many other scriptures will then be literally fulfilled. The rapture will take place before all these events, and the second advent will be after them and will end them. It will not be and cannot be until all these scriptures are fulfilled. The marriage of the Lamb in heaven will be over, as well as all the other events before Christ leaves heaven for the earth with His previously raptured saints and angels to fight Armageddon and begin His rule on earth eternally (Rev. 11: 1-5; 19: 1_21; Zech 14: 1_21; Mt 24:29_31; 25:31_46; 2 Th I : 7_10; 2:8_9; Jude 14_15; Ezek 38_39; Dan 2:44_45; 7:9_14, 18, 22, 27; Lk 1:32_33). This arrival is definitely the second advent and not the rapture. The rapture can take place any moment without any of the above events taking place (Phil 3: 20_21; Tit 2: 13; 1 Cor 1: 7), but the second advent cannot.

3. MILLENNIUM

This term means 1,000 years; and it will be the first 1,000 years of innumerable thousands of years of all future eternity wherein Christ will reign on earth with God the Father, God the Holy Spirit, and all the redeemed and spirit beings who now co_operate with God to put down rebellion in earth (1 Cor 15:24_28; Mt 25:31-46; Lk. 1:32_33; Rev 11:15;20:1_10;22:4_5; Dan.2:44-45; 7:9_14, 18, 22, 27; Zech 14; Ezek 38_39; Isa 9:6_7).

4. ELECT

The word "elect" simply means chosen. Any individual or group of individuals who have been chosen of God would be the elect of God. In this sense there are many elects of God in Scripture, The word itself does not specify which elect is referred to in any particular scripture. This must be determined by each passage where the word is found and not by man's interpretation, or his own decision as to which elect is referred to.

5. NEW TESTAMENT CHURCH

We mean by this term all the born again or saved people from the time Christ started His church (Mt 16: 18; Eph 2:19_21) to the future rapture of this church from earth to heaven (Jn 14: 1_3; Lk 21 :34:36; I Cor I S :23, 35_44, 51_54; Eph 5: 27; Phil 3:20_21; Col 3:4; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; 4:13_18; 5:9; 2 Th 2:7_8; Tit 2:13; Jas. 5:7_8; I Pet 5:4; Rev 1:19; 4:1; 5:8_10; 19:1_10).

6. THE OLD TESTAMENT SAINTS

By this term we mean the saved of all past ages from Abel to the establishment of the N. T. church at the first coming of Christ to the earth (Mt 16: 16; Heb I 1: 140; Acts 7:38).

7. THE FUTURE TRIBULATION

This means the last 7 years of this age during which time the great whore of Rev 17 will murder saints of Jesus (people saved after the rapture) during the first 31/2 years (Rev 17: 1 _7, 18), and the Antichrist will murder saints of Jesus the last 31/2 years of this 7_year period, known as Daniel's 70th week (Dan 9:27; Rev 12:1_18; 14:9_13; 15:14; 20:2_6). During the first 3 1/2 years Antichrist will be rising to power over the 10 kingdoms inside the old Roman Empire boundary lines, and during the last 31/2 years he will rule the whole 10 kingdoms. We call these last 31/2 years the great tribulation because of being the worst time of trouble on earth that has ever been or will_be (Dan 9:27; 12: 1, 7; Mt 24: 15_31; Jer 30; Isa 66:7_8; Rev 7: 14; 12: 1_19:21).

8. THE TRIBULATION SAINTS

This company of saints are those who will miss the rapture and who will get saved after the rapture of the N. T. church and the O. T. saints, and who will die for Christ without exception in the future 7_year tribulation period between the rapture and the second advent (Rev 6:9_11; 7:9_17; 13:1_18; 14:9_11).

9. THE 144,000 JEWS

This special company of Jews are those in the new nation of Israel who will miss the rapture of the church but will get saved after it, in the first 31/2 years of Daniel's 70th week. They will be sealed for protection from the 7 trumpet judgments (Rev 7: 1_8; 9:4). They will be caught up to God and to His throne as the manchild of Rev 12:5; Isa 66:7_8; Dan 12:1. They are to be in heaven during the last 31/2 years of Daniel's 70th week (Rev 14).

10. THE END OF THE WORLD

This refers to the end of this age in which we now live, which age ends at the second coming of Christ to the earth to set up His kingdom (Mt 13:39_40, 49_50; 24:3, 6, 13_14, 29_31; 28: 20).

11. THE ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION

This means the desolation of the future Jewish temple at Jerusalem accomplished by the Antichrist who will break his 7_year covenant with Israel and do away with the future Jewish sacrifices in the temple in order to establish himself as "God" in this temple (Dan 9:27; Mt 24:15_22; Rev. 11:1_2; 13:1_18; 2 Th 2:14).

12. JUDGMENT OF THE NATIONS

This will be the gathering of the living nations at the second coming of Christ to determine who is worthy in each nation to go into the eternal kingdom of Christ on earth. Those who have oppressed Israel during the future tribulation will be sent to eternal hell, and those who have not will continue to live on earth as earthly natural subjects of Christ in the eternal kingdom (Mt. 25:21_46; Dan 7:9-14, 18, 22, 27; Zech 14:16_21; Isa 2:14; 9:6_7; Rev 11: IS; 20:4_6; 22:4_5).

13. DANIEL 'S 70TH WEEK

This means the last 7 years of this age and is the same as the 7 years of future tribulation, during which time the Antichrist will make a 7 year covenant with Israel.

14. THE ANTICHRIST

This word refers to the one man that will soon rise to power over the future 10 kingdoms inside the old Roman oppose Jesus Christ in most of the latter day events that will usher in the reign of God and Christ on the planet earth (Rev 1 l: l 5; 19:11_21; 20:1_10; Isa 9:6_7; Dan 2:44_45; 7:9_14, 18, 22, 27; Zech 14 Mt.24-25; 1 Cor. 15:24_28; 2 Thes. 1:7_10; 2:1_12; Jude 14_15).

15. THE KINGDOM OF GOD ON EARTH

By this we mean the literal earthly kingdom that God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit will establish on earth at the second advent of Christ, and which will continue on earth eternally, as stated in the scriptures of the last point above.

16. ISRAEL, JEWS

The terms Israel and Jews refer to the natural seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob who are now the new nation of Israel in Palestine. They are being gathered there in fulfillment of prophecy, For hundreds of scriptures proving that the Jews and Israelites of today are the same people. The terms Jews and Israel refer to the same race of people and are used interchangeably of the same people in many plain scriptures in both Testaments. All Jews are Israelites and all Israelites are Jews.

17. THE WRATH OF GOD

When we speak of this we refer to the wrath that God will pour out upon men beginning with the 6th seal ;of Rev. 6:12-17, continuing through the 7 trumpets of the first 31/2 years of Daniel's 70th week (Rev 8: 1_13: 18), and ending with the 7 vials of the wrath of God in the last 31/2 years of that week (Rev 15:1_18:24). This wrath will be poured out upon the great whore and the 10 kingdoms of the old Roman Empire territory in the first 31/2 years (Rev 17:1_18) for their murder of Jews and Christians (people saved after the rapture), and upon the Antichrist and the same 10 kingdoms who will be dominated by him during the last 31/2 years (Dan 7:8, 23_24; Rev 13:5; 17:8_17). Antichrist will martyr the saints and Jews during this time. He will demand the worship of himself from all men who live in his 10 Kingdom Empire and will murder millions who refuse him (Rev 12:1_18; 14:9_11; 15:2_4; 20:4_6). God's wrath will be completed during the time of the 7th vial at the return of Jesus Christ from heaven with the raptured saints and angels to defeat the nations and their armies at Armageddon (Isa 63; Ezek 38_39; Zech 14; Mt 24:29_31, 38_42; 25:31_46;

18. THE DAY OF THE LORD

By this term we mean the day that Christ literally comes to reign on earth with His raptured saints and angels (Zech 14:1_9). It will be His day of rule on earth, not man's day. The day of the Lord is a day of punishment for the living wicked (Isa 1:2431; 2:14; 4:1_6; 9:6_7; 10:20_34; 11:3_12:6); a day of destruction from the Almighty (Isa 13:6_9; Joel 1:15); a day of God's wrath upon the enemies of Israel (Isa 13:9_13; 34:8); a day of darkness and gloominess (Joel 2:1_11, 31; 3:13_15; Amos 5:18_20; Zech 14; I Th 5:3; 2 Th 1:7_10; 2:7_10; Jude 14_15; Rev 19; Mt 24:29_31; 25:31_46); a day of trouble and distress (Zeph 1:7_18); a dreadful day (Joel 2:31; Mal 4:5_6; Acts 2:16_21; a day of sudden destruction of millions of wicked men on earth (I Th 1:9; 2 Th 1:7_10; 2:7_10; Jude 14_25; Rev 19:11_21; Zech 14; Joel 3; Ezek 38_39); and a day when all the enemies of God will be put down and death destroyed (I Cor 15:24_28).

The day of the Lord begins with the second advent of Christ (Zech 14: 1) and ends I ,000 years later when the heavens and the earth will be renovated by fire (2 Pet 3:10_13; Heb 1:10_12; 12:26_28). Between these two points in time Christ will rule all nations with a rod of iron for the express purpose of ridding the earth of all rebellion (I Cor 15:24_28). This day of the Lord is the time that Paul said would come after the hindered of lawlessness is removed from the earth, and after the reign of the Anticrhist. 2 Th 2: 1_12. In this scripture Paul made it clear that two things must precede the day of the Lord a great falling away and the man of sin be revealed.

The term "the day of Christ" in 2 Th 2:2 should have been translated "the day of the Lord" as it is translated in 25 different versions. One version translates it "the day of Jehovah." This definitely associates "the day of the Lord" with the coming of the Lord to destroy Antichrist. Thus, the day of the Lord cannot take in the future tribulation and the reign of the Anticrhist. It begins with the destruction of Antichrist at the second advent at least 7 years after the rapture of the church. Zech 14: 1_5.

At this point, man's rule of the earth will come to an end and the Millennium will begin. It will be the day that the Lord will begin His reign of I ,000 years to put down all rebellion and all enemies under His feet ( I Cor 15: 24_28). Paul expresses the idea of "the day of the Lord" this way: "Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power. For he must reign (for the 1,000 years of Rev 20: 1_10), till he hath put all enemies under his feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.

At this time when all enemies are put down and death is destroyed the heavens and the earth will be purified by fire and the new heavens and the new earth will begin (Isa 65: 17; 66:22_24; 2 Pet 3:10_13; Heb 1:10_12; 12:25_28; Rom 8:14_25; Rev 21:1_22.5) Also at this point when He will reign, being supreme over this rebellious part of His kingdom again "the day of God" will be ushered in (2 Pet 3:10_13). The kingdoms of this world will then truly become the kingdoms of God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, and all the faithful saints and angels (Rev I 1: 15).

19. THE JUDGMENT SEAT OF CHRIST

Is the place where Christ judges Christians, immediately after their rapture, on the basis of their conduct as Christians, resulting in a receiving of rewards by some and a sense of loss for others .

20. THE MARRIAGE SUPPER OF THE LAMB

Is a term used in Revelation 19: 7_10 to refer to the specific occasion, occurring sometime between the rapture and the revelation of Christ, when the church is eternally united to Christ as his bride.

21. THE GREAT TRIBULATION

Is a period of seven years, beginning shortly after' the rapture, when judgment is meted out upon the world at large for its sinfulness of past ages. At this time the restored nation of Israel is tried by the fire of suffering to bring the Jews to a receptive attitude toward Christ as their messiah deliverer, because the last half of this period is more severe in the degree of suffering experienced, the term is often used in reference only to the last three and a half years of the total seven.

22. THE REVELATION OF CHRIST

Is a term commonly used to designate the return of Christ to the earth at the conclusion of the great tribulation, when he comes with the saints of the church, raptured seven years before, to bring deliverance for Israel which is being oppressed by the Antichrist.

23. THE BATTLE OF ARMAGEDDON

A name taken from revelation 16:16, designates the battle in Israel which brings the great tribulation to a climax, as the Antichrist triumphs over the Jews to seize Israel's homeland for himself part of the struggle, probably is beginning, takes place at the historic battle scene of Megiddo, well north of Jerusalem, but descriptive passages show it will end at Jerusalem.

24. THE JUDGEMENT OF GENTILES

Is an occasion of judgment immediately following the time of Christ’s deliverance of Israel from the Antichrist, when a determination is made regarding which gentiles will be permitted to enter the millennial period. The criterion for judgment will be personal righteousness as believers in Christ, evidenced by the attitude of each shown during great tribulation toward Christ's "Brethren, " the Jews.

25. THE GREAT WHITE THRONE JUDGMENT

Follows the millennium and is the occasion when the unsaved of all ages will receive their sentence of eternal punishment in hell for their sin.

26. THE PREMILIENNIAL VIEW

Of last things holds to the existence of a literal, earthly millennium, as just defined, and believes that the rapture of the church precedes it.

27. THE POSTMILLENNIAL VIEW

Holds to the existence of a literal millennium, resulting from the spread of the gospel and the salvation of a vast number of people, with Christ returning to the earth at its conclusion

28. THE AMILLENNIAL VIEW

Denying the existence of a literal millennium, sees the millennial promises as being fulfilled in a spiritual kingdom; some adherents hold that this kingdom is Christ's rule over his church here on earth and others that it is God's rule over the saints in heaven

29. THE PRE-TRIBLULATIONAL VIEW

Holds that the rapture of the church will be not only premillennial but pretriblulational; that is, it will occur before the beginning of the great tribulation, meaning that the church will not experience this severe period of suffering,

30. THE POST-TRIBLULATIONAL VIEW

Agrees with the pretribulational view that the rapture will be premillennial, but holds that it will occur after the great tribulation, meaning that the church will be on earth during this seven_year period.

31. THE MID-TRIBULATIONAL VIEW

Also agrees that the rapture will be premillennial but disagrees in holding that it will occur at the midpoint of the great tribulation, meaning that the church will not experience the last half of this period when suffering will be the most severe.

32. DEATH

The word death as applied to man in scripture means separation or a cutting off from realizing Gods purpose for which he was created.

33. PHYSICAL DEATH

Physical death is the separation of the inner man from the outer man: the soul and spirit from the body (James 2:26)

34. SPIRITUAL DEATH

Spiritual death is separation of man from God because of sin one spiritually dead can be alive physically (Mt.8:22, Col.2:14 Tim.5:6) or he can be dead physically and alive in hell, conscious in the soul and spirit or the inner man

35. SECOND DEATH: ETERNAL DEATH

The second death means the second and eternal separation from God in the lake of fire. (Rev. 2:17 Rev. 20:6-14, Rev. 21:8)

36. IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL

The soul and spirit, called the inner man are immortal. They continue in full consciousness between death and the resurrection of the body and in the new resurrected body into all eternity

37. MORTALITY OF THE BODY

The body is now mortal. It will die and go back to the dust. (Gen. 3:19, Heb.9:27, James 2:26)

38. IMMORTALITY OF THE BODY

The body, which is now mortal, will become immortal in the resurrection. All scriptures mentioning future immortality refer to the body, not to the soul, which is now immortal

At physical death the soul and spirit leave the body (James 2:26) if one is a converted person his Soul and spirit go to heaven immediately at death to await the resurrection of the body. (Lk. 20:38, Jn. 11:35, 2 Cor. 5:8, Eph. 3:15, Phil.1:21-24, Heb, 12:22, Rev. 6:9-11)

If he is a sinner his soul and spirit go to hell at death to await the resurrection of the body, (Lk. 16:19-31 2 Pet.2:9 Rev. 20:77-15

39. SPIRIT

The spirit of man is the intellect, will, mind, conscience, and other invisible faculties that make him a free moral agent and a rational being, both the soul and spirit of man are immortal they are so closely related that it is hard to distinguish the finest details or difference between them, but there is a difference. In general we can say that the spirit is that which knows (1 cor.2:17) and the soul is that which feels (Job 14:22) both make the inner man which leaves the body at death (James 2:26)

40. SOUL

A breathing creature: a living organism: the invisible spiritual part of man the soul of man deals with the life, emotions, passions, feelings desire, and appetites, the soul is that which feels and the spirit of man is that knows

41. RESURRECTION FROM SPIRITUAL DEATH

The resurrection of man from spiritual death or separation from God takes place when one is saved from death in trespasses and sin (Eph.2:1-10) when he is born again (John 3:1-8) is made a new creature in Christ (2 Cor.5:17-!8) and is fully reconciled to God through Christ (Eph.2:12-16, Col 1;20-22, 2 Cor. 5:14-27)

42. RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD

This refers only to the bodies of all men who die not to the souls and spirits, which are immortal. All scriptures on the future resurrection of the dead refers only to the bodies which die and will be resurrected from dust again ( Dan.12:2 Jn.5:28-29, 1 Cor.15, 1 Thes. 4:13-17, Rev. 20:4-6,17-15).

There will be no spiritual resurrection (a resurrection of soul and spirit) all spiritual resurrection is accomplished in the life before the body dies (Eph.2:1-70 Col.2:11-13 )

If one is not resurrected spiritually from death in trespasses and sins in this life he will remain forever spiritually dead or separated from God(Heb.9:27 Rev.22:11 ).

43. TARTARUS

(1 Pet. 3:19, 2 Pet.2:4, Jude 6-7 )This prison is a special one for fallen angels who sinned before the flood. No human being or demons ever go to this prison.

44. PARADISE

(Luke 16: 19-31, Luke 23:43)This was the abode of the righteous after death where they were held captive by the devil against their will until Christ conquered death, hell and the grave. It is now empty of the righteous who go to heaven at death since Christ capture the captives in hell and took them to Heaven with him when he ascended on high ( Eph.4:8, Heb. 2:15)

It was a hiding place from Gods wrath after death ( Job 14:13 Luke 16:19-31 ) A place without fire, but with water and other comforts. (Ezek.31:16, Luke 16:19-31) It was called Abraham's Bosom (Luke 16:22) and Paradise in (Luke 23:43) Lazarus went into this place of comfort, but his body went to the grave (Luke 16:19-31)

Christ and the penitent thief went into paradise at death (Psalms 16:10, Mt. 12:40, Lk.23:43, Eph.4:8-10) Angels carried the righteous souls into this compartment, but men carried their bodies to the graves (Luke 16:22-26, Luke 23:43)

Paradise is now empty of all the righteous souls(Eph.4:8-10 Heb.12:23) The grave continue to hold bodies of both the righteous and unrighteous. The righteous were alive in paradise, else Christ could not preached and liberated the righteous captives: and Lazarus and others in this place could not have been comforted. (Lk. 16:19-31)

45. HELL (Mt. 16:18, Lk, 16:19-31)

This is the torment compartment of sheol - hades where wicked souls have always gone and will always go until the end of the Millennium. Then the wicked will be brought out of here to be reunited with their resurrected and immortal bodies and to be cast into the lake of fire for eternity. (Rev. 20:11-15)

46. THE ABYSS OR BOTTOMLESS PIT

(Lk. 8:26-31, Rom.10:7, Rev. 9:1-3 ) (Rev. 11:7, Rev. 17:8, Rev. 20:1-10 ) This is the abode of demons and some angelic being, no human soul and spirit ever go to the abyss. The Old Testament equivalent is (abaddon) and is translated (destruction) (Job 26:5-6, Job 28:22, Job 31:12, Psalm 88:11, Proverbs 15:11 Proverbs 27:20 )

47. THE LAKE OF FIRE

This is the eternal hell and perdition of all fallen angels, demons, and wicked men (Rev. 20:6,11-15, Rev.21:8 Rev. 22;15) it is the same as (gehenna) (Lk. 12:5) it is the final hell prepared for the devil and his angels (Mt. 25:41) and is eternal in duration( Mt. 25:46, Rev.14:9-14, Rev. 19:20, Rev.20:10-15 Isa. 66:22-24)

 

COPYRIGHT PERMISSION AND RESTRICTIONS